Nickel complex from Schiff base ligand free essay sample

We perform two separate responses in this test so as to acquire Schiff Base Ligand that will substitute the ligands of a nickel hydrated complex. Like most of the basic progress metals, during the response of nickel metal response, nickel metals will in general structure a particle with a charge of 2+. This causes it to frame buildings in light of the void orbitals it has around it. This nature of the metals permits it to bond with mixes through solitary sets, which is deductively known as the dative holding. On the second piece of this analysis we respond the Schiff base ligand with hydrated nickel complex, this will permit us to shape new nickel complex which is known as. We do this through buildup and replacement from the hydrated nickel complex. Results and conversation During the blending of pyrrole-2-aldehyde with ethanol and 1,3-diaminopropane we get a dismal arrangement. As it is being warmed under reflux, shading change is watched, the arrangement begins to change into orange-red arrangement. This is because of the way that nickel particles are being suspended in the arrangement. Following 4 minutes of warming under reflux, we at long last cool it for 1 hour 30 minutes in ice shower, after this timeframe yellow gems begin to shape at the base of the round bottomed jar. After the separating of these precious stones, the stay yellow and in the wake of being washed with diethyl ether they change into a light yellow shading. We than break down these precious stones in warm ethanol and the resultant arrangement turns marginally yellow. The arrangement quickly turns block red as a result of the encourage that is available, suspended in the arrangement. The arrangement remains block red after the expansion of the sodium carbonate, however as I mix the accelerate increases. The first separated precious stones are pale. At the point when I redissolve them in dichloromethane they structure a cleared arrangement. Utilizing the rotational evaporator to dissipate the dichloromethane and oil ether we acquire dim red precious stones. Rate yield of Schiff base ligand: Pyrrole-2aldehyde Molar mass= 14+16+(12. 015)+(1. 0085) =95. 09 g. mol-1 n = =9. 9910-3 mol 1,3-diaminopropane Molar mass=(142)+(1. 00810)+(12. 013) =74. 11 g. mol-1 thickness = 0. 88=m= 0. 352g n = =4. 7510-3 mol Therefore the proportions: Pyrrole-2-aldehyde : 1,3-diaminopropane 2:1 9. 9910-3: x = 4. 99510-3 mol Table1: Theoretical mass counts of the Schiff Base Ligand Moles Pyrrole-2-aldehyde 1,3-diaminopropane Schiff Base Ligand Initial moles 9. 99? 10-3 4. 75? 10-3 0 Reacted moles 4. 75? 10-3 4. 75? 10-3 0 Moles delivered or left 5. 293? 10-3 0 4. 75? 10-3 So we have 1,3-di aminopropane as our restricting reagent. Subsequently the hypothetical yield is: Molar mass of Schiff Base Ligand= 228. 298g/mol Mass= No. of moles ? molar mass =4. 75? 10-3? 228.298 =1. 08g Thus the rate yield: Actual mass = 0. 767g %yield = =71. 01% The hypothetical and rate yield of Nickel (II) Complex from Schiff Base Ligand Nickel acetic acid derivation Molar mass= (168)+(124)+(1. 00814)+58. 69 =200. 802 g. mol-1 n = =2. 4910-3mol Schiff base ligand Molar mass=(1213)+(1. 00816)+(144) =228. 128 g. mol-1 n = =1. 5810-3mol Therefore the proportions: Nickel acetic acid derivation : Schiff base ligand 1:1 2. 4910-3 : X = 2. 4910-3 mol Thus the constraining reagent is Schiff base ligand Table1: Theoretical mass figurings of the nickel complex Moles Nickel acetic acid derivation Schiff base ligand Nickel complex Initial moles 2. 49? 10-3 1. 58? 10-3 0 Reacted moles 1. 58? 10-3 1. 58? 10-3 0 Moles delivered or left 9. 1? 10-4 0 9. 1? 10-4 Molar mass of nickel complex= 284. 972g/mol Mass= No. of moles ? molar mass =9. 1? 10-4? 284. 972 =0. 26g Thus the rate yield: Actual mass = 0. 1g %yield = =38. 46% Note: from left to directly on the range signal ? (ppm) Intergral Multiplicity Assignment 1 9. 83 2 Broad singlet A 2 8. 03 2 Singlet B 3 6. 85 2 Singlet C 4 6. 46 2 Doublet D 5 6. 22 2 Triplet E 6 3. 62 4 Triplet F 7 1. 98 2 Pentet G Table 1: results from the range of the Schiff base ligand. signal ? (ppm) Intergral Multiplicity Assignment 1 6. 9 2 Triplet E 2 6. 6 2 Doublet D 3 6. 1 2 Singlet C 4 3. 2 4 Triplet B 5 1. 8 1 Quintet A 6 1. 5 1 Quintet A 7. 2 Doublet F Table 2: results from the range of the nickel complex Schiff Base ligand + [Ni(OCOH)2 Â · 4H2O] Nickel complex Ni(OCOCH3)2. 4H2O + C13H16N4 [Ni(C13H14N4)] + (CH3COOH)2 + 4H2O This suggests the Schiff Base ligand and the Nickel complex have a 1 : 1 proportion in the response. The structure of the item that structures is: 2. So we can group the Schiff Base ligand as tetradentate ligand since one ligand gives four solitary sets to the nickel particle. Consequently the nickel particle has a facilitate number of four, which establish the square planar shape, nickel being attached to the Nitrogens that have the solitary sets to fill the unfilled shell of the nickel particle. 3. On the Schiff base ligand, we get a range that has 7 signs as a result of the additional hydrogens attached to nitrogens contrasted with the nickel complex yet on the nickel complex, we get 6 signs on the grounds that the hydrogens that were clung to the nitrogens were expelled during the chelation.4(a). 4(b). 4(c). 5. End Thus it is obvious that how much nickel complex we have, relies upon the amount Schiff base ligand we have. The more Schiff base ligand we produce, the more conceivable it is to acquire better return of nickel complex, since they respond on a 1 : 1 proportion. The yield of the Schiff base ligand was 0. 36g and from this ligand 0. 1g of nickel complex was yielded utilizing 0. 5g of nickel acetic acid derivation.

Free Essays on Of Revenge

The article composed by Francis Bacon, â€Å"Of Revenge†, talked about something that the majority of us as of now have thought about. Notwithstanding, what we realize we ought to do, we don’t consistently do. Along these lines it serves us as an update that vengeance, in spite of the fact that it might be sweet, may not generally be the best course taken. When requested to react to this perusing as a bit of writing I would state it was elegantly composed, however difficult to follow for the normal individual. Bacon’s induction to different themes required the peruser to be furnished with foundation information on those points, and, if the peruser was not, the quintessence of the piece was not completely passed on to the peruser. The composing would be wasteful in rolling out a critical improvement in the conduct or thought of the cutting edge peruser. In this manner, I would state this piece is a result of its time and, despite the fact that the essayist has sub scribed to change the attitude of any individual, it is basically just appropriate to an individual who knows about the wording utilized during Bacon’s time. Despite the fact that having an all inclusive topic that crosses numerous limits, the composing would in this way be incapable in today’s present day society. The subject of retribution can be applied to today’s recent developments on the subject of Osama Bin Ladin. He was obviously attempting to seek retribution on the United States for whatever it has done to him and his kin. The United States, along these lines is looking for retribution on Bin Laden, and his supporters. As indicated by Francis Bacon, the US should exculpate Bin Laden and be unrivaled. Is exculpating actually the prevalent decision? Should the United States down and let it be assaulted? Clearly, in this circumstance, vengeance, as I would like to think, and in numerous others, is the most shrewd decision. Along these lines, I feel that Bacon’s guidance, albeit upright, isn't constantly material, and is excessively hopeful. Taking everything into account, retribution implies various things to various individuals. To somebody, it possibly utilized for comfort, however for other people, as on account of the United State... Free Essays on Of Revenge Free Essays on Of Revenge The paper composed by Francis Bacon, â€Å"Of Revenge†, discussed something that the vast majority of us as of now have thought about. Be that as it may, what we realize we ought to do, we don’t consistently do. Along these lines it serves us as an update that retribution, in spite of the fact that it might be sweet, may not generally be the best course taken. When requested to react to this perusing as a bit of writing I would state it was elegantly composed, yet difficult to follow for the normal individual. Bacon’s induction to different subjects required the peruser to be outfitted with foundation information on those themes, and, if the peruser was not, the quintessence of the piece was not completely passed on to the peruser. The composing would be wasteful in rolling out a huge improvement in the conduct or thought of the cutting edge peruser. Consequently, I would state this piece is a result of its time and, despite the fact that the author has subscribe d to change the attitude of any individual, it is basically just material to an individual who knows about the wording utilized during Bacon’s time. Despite the fact that having a general topic that crosses numerous limits, the composing would in this way be insufficient in today’s current society. The topic of vengeance can be applied to today’s recent developments on the subject of Osama Bin Ladin. He was obviously attempting to seek retribution on the United States for whatever it has done to him and his kin. The United States, subsequently is looking for retribution on Bin Laden, and his supporters. As indicated by Francis Bacon, the US should exculpate Bin Laden and be predominant. Is exonerating actually the predominant decision? Should the United States down and let it be assaulted? Clearly, in this circumstance, retribution, as I would like to think, and in numerous others, is the smartest decision. In this manner, I feel that Bacon’s guidance, albeit ethical, isn't constantly pertinent, and is excessively hopeful. Taking everything into account, retribution implies various things to various individuals. To somebody, it perhaps utilized for comfort, yet for other people, as on account of the United State...

How To Enjoy Poetry With Your Students

How To Enjoy Poetry With Your Students Shannon outlines her initial fears and struggles with teaching poetry and how she showed her students that poetry can be fun. She shares her tips for how to make poetry lessons exciting. Poetry Isn't My Favorite Subject To Teach   I have to admit that I have a bit of poetry phobia. In fact, the most disastrous lesson in my first year of teaching was a poetry lesson. I can remember it like it was yesterday. Actually, I can’t remember the lesson at all, but I do remember how I felt when my thirty ninth-graders left the room. I immediately broke down sobbing at my desk because I felt like the world’s biggest failure. My heart wasn’t in the lesson, and my students could sense that. I was supposed to be teaching a two-week poetry lesson. How could I pick up the pieces tomorrow and get through nine more days? Thankfully, my prep period was next, and somehow one of the school’s counselors miraculously appeared at my door when I desperately needed someone to help restore my confidence. The next day, I confessed to my students that poetry wasn’t my favorite subject to teach and that I needed their help. I asked them to bring in their favorite poem (if they had one) to share with the class as a starting point before we wrote poetry ourselves. Several students jumped at the opportunity, and together we formulated a poetry unit. So, what did I learn from my failed poetry lesson? Don't Fake It 'Till You Make It First, don’t veer too far from your comfort zone, and never try to fake it with your students. Way back when I was a new teacher, poetry in pretty much any form, was out of my comfort zone. If your curriculum has some flexibility, start where you feel comfortable and allow your students some flexibility, too. For example, sometimes we forget that songs are really poetry set to music. Playing a couple of your favorite songs for your students can be a natural starting point.   Lower The Stakes Point out the things that make poetry fun and different than other writing genres. First, standard grammar rules do not apply. It’s not often that fragments and run-on sentences are acceptable. This will give some relief to your grammatically challenged students. Also, there are no wrong answers when it comes to poetry. Poetry is creative expression; it is an opportunity to go crazy with description or try something unique. No one has the right to say that a poem is incorrect, unless, of course, you are teaching a specific technique. And if you are teaching a particular rhyme scheme, allow students time to brainstorm rhyming words in small groups.   Think Outside The Box If you do have a prescribed curriculum, have fun and get creative with it. At one point, I was required to teach sonnets to eighth graders. Since sonnets typically examine an emotion, allow students to choose not-so-typical emotions like confusion or disgust. Some students will love the patterns, while others will cringe at their restrictiveness.  Encourage them to take on the challenge; perhaps allow students to pair up to write a sonnet. Also, be sure to expose your students to the various types of sonnets. Many of us automatically think of Shakespeare when we hear the word sonnet, but Petrarchan and Spenserian sonnets have different rhyme schemes within the fourteen-line structure.   Share Your Writing If you are willing, share your writing with your students. Students will almost always respect and appreciate those moments when you share an aspect of your life with them. As I progressed in my career and gained confidence, my poetry phobia diminished. Several years into my career, I wrote an “I Am From” poem and shared it with my students. You can use this  template with students from upper elementary through high school.  Try it yourself, first. Then you’ll see just how easy it can be.   There Are No Right Or Wrong Answers Students will often respond to poetry with, “I don’t get it.” Help them to understand that just like any work of art, poetry will resound differently with each individual, and that’s okay. There may be multiple interpretations of a work of poetry based on the listeners’ experiences. Poetry units are an opportunity to point out that we all share things in common, but we are unique individuals, too. At the same time, we need to respect the work of every poet, whether a published author or a classmate.   Read Poetry Aloud Finally, be sure to provide at least one opportunity for your students to share their poetry by reading aloud. Rather than having each student read for the entire class, set up more intimate small groups to lessen student anxiety. You can also give students options such as allowing them to read each other’s poetry in the small groups. Here are some additional resources for teaching poetry: Well-Versed: A Guide To Teaching Poetry, Harry Potter Haiku, and A Collection Of Poetry Activities.   How do you teach poetry to your students? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Shannon Krzyzewski is a veteran educator with over twenty-five years of experience teaching Spanish, English/Language Arts, and Social Studies at both the middle and high school levels in the Seattle area. She is now a freelance writer, editor, and educational consultant residing in Montana’s Flathead Valley.

The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Dubois Essay - 3329 Words

The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Dubois The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Dubois is a influential work in African American literature and is an American classic. In this book Dubois proposes that the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line. His concepts of life behind the veil of race and the resulting double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at ones self through the eyes of others, have become touchstones for thinking about race in America. In addition to these lasting concepts, Souls offers an evaluation of the progress of the races and the possibilities for future progress as the nation entered the twentieth century. The Souls of Black Folk, is a collection of autobiographical and†¦show more content†¦Washingtons acceptance of segregation and his emphasis on material progress represent an old attitude of adjustment and submission. Du Bois asserts that this policy has damaged African Americans by contributing to the loss of the vote, the loss of civil status, and the loss of aid for institutions of higher education. Du Bois insists that the right to vote, civic equality, and the education of youth according to ability are essential for African American progress. Du Bois relates his experiences as a schoolteacher in rural Tennessee, and then he turns his attention to a critique of American materialism in the rising city of Atlanta where the single-minded attention to gaining wealth threatens to replace all other considerations. In terms of education, African Americans should not be taught merely to earn money. Rather, Du Bois argues there should be a balance between the standards of lower training and the standards of human culture and lofty ideals of life. In effect, the African American college should train the Talented Tenth who can in turn contribute to lower education and also act as liaisons in improving race relations. Du Bois returns to an examination of rural African American life with a presentation of Dougherty County, Georgia as representative of life in the Southern Black Belt. He presents the history and current conditions of the county. Cotton is still the life-blood of the Black BeltShow MoreRelated W.E.B. DuBois The Souls of Black Folk Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesW.E.B. DuBois The Souls of Black Folk W.E.B. DuBois, in The Souls of Black Folk describes the very poignant image of a veil between the blacks and the whites in his society. He constructs the concept of a double-consciousness, wherein a black person has two identities as two completely separate individuals, in order to demonstrate the fallacy of these opinions. J.S. Mill also describes a certain fallacy in his own freedom of thought, a general conception of individuals that allows them toRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk By W.E.B Dubois Is About The Development1345 Words   |  6 PagesThe Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Dubois is about the development of the African American race since slavery. Dubois makes an analysis of what African Americans went through – how they struggled, and despite all the barriers, how they survived. He also includes personal stories of his family and childhood days. The purpose of this analysis was to alert his race that this is what African-Americans need, and not what Booker T. Washing ton was proposing at the time. At their time, the stakes were highRead More W.E.B. DuBoiss Thoughts on Education Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesW.E.B. DuBois’s Thoughts on Education The Souls of Black Folk, written by W.E.B DuBois is a collection of autobiographical and historical essays containing many themes. DuBois introduced the notion of â€Å"twoness†, a divided awareness of one’s identity. â€Å"One ever feels his two-ness – an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled stirrings: two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keep it from being torn asunder† (215). There are many underlying themesRead MoreW.E.B Dubois Thoughts on Education Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesW. E. B DuBoiss thoughts on education The Souls of Black Folk, written by W.E.B DuBois is a collection of autobiographical and historical essays containing many themes. DuBois introduced the notion of twoness, a divided awareness of ones identity. One ever feels his two-ness Ââ€" an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled stirrings: two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keep it from being torn asunder (215). There are many underlying themesRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk780 Words   |  4 Pagesislands of the sea† (W.E.B DuBois). This is part of the theme in the novel The Souls of Black Folk, which is based on an actual story/ autobiography of an African American leader, W.E.B DuBois. The narrator DuBois writes about race relations in the United Sates distributing the color-line. The color-line is the fundamental issue of racial conflict between the blacks and whites. It deals with the inequality and disparity of living in America as an African American. W.E.B DuBois coined the term color-lineRead MoreB. Du Bois928 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen nothing but a nigger.† -W.E.B Dubois On February 23, 1868 in a small town of Great Barrington, Massachusetts one of the greatest leaders in African American history was born. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, better known as W.E.B. Du Bois is one of the greatest scholar, writer, editor, and civil rights activist. Many civil rights leaders and other important black leaders and role models see W.E.B Du Bois as the father of the Civil Rights Movement. W.E.B Du Bois paved the way for manyRead MoreThe Negro And Signs Of Civilization1188 Words   |  5 Pageswar era. W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington are considered by historians, two of the prominent leaders of the black community in the late 19th and early 20th century who sought inclusion and equality through social and economic progress. While their end goals were the same, the means in which they utilized their platforms and their philosophy on how best to accomplish this varied. Among other accomplishments, DuBois’ efforts in the civil rights agenda to the founding of the NAACP. DuBois advocatedRead MoreJean Booker T. Washington. B. Dubois1358 Words   |  6 PagesChloe Thompson Ms. Webster English III H 5B 5 May 2015 W.E.B DuBois One of the late 19th century and early 20th century’s most prominent black empowerment leaders was W.E.B DuBois. In research it is clear that DuBois was not subtle to one job or career choice. As a civil rights activist, educator, sociologist, historian, writer, editor, scholar, and poet, DuBois contributed to changing American society today. DuBois is mostly remember for his work with the NAACP and his notorious feud with civilRead MoreThe B Dubois s Impact On American Society904 Words   |  4 Pages5B 4 May 2015 W.E.B DuBois One of the late 19th century and early 20th century’s most prominent black empowerment leaders was W.E.B DuBois. In research it is clear that DuBois was not subtle to one job or career choice. His main goal was to improve the lives of African Americans. As a Civil Rights activist, sociologist, educator, historian, writer, editor, poet, and scholar, DuBois contributed to changing American society today. On February 23, 1868, William Edward Burghardt DuBois was born to AlfredRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk By. B. Dubois1080 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois, DuBois argues his point-of-view on racial tensions in the south during and after Reconstruction. DuBois was a key figure African-American historian and civil rights activist in his time leading and defending his fellows African-Americans. One of DuBois’s themes ranges on race relations developed after Reconstruction in the south. DuBois elaborates on the overwhelming divide between the white population and the black population in his chapter about race

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings a Critical Analysis

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings By Gabriel Garcia Marquez A Critical Analysis Callora, Hanna Krishna S. AB English 2 English 12 TTHS 4:00-5:25 Setting The story is set in a coastal area and it opens with an ongoing rainfall that has turned the world gloomy and gray. Everyone in this town was feeling sad because of the state of the beach and the stench of rotten fish. It was March and the rain had made the light weak during daytime and replaced the glimmer of the sands of the beach with â€Å"a stew of mud and rotten shellfish.† At the beginning of the story, we learn that crabs have been crawling into the house of Pelayo and Elisenda that â€Å"on the third day of rain,† they had killed so many of them. After throwing them away into the†¦show more content†¦The people that populate the story treat the old man with such cruelty and callousness that it seems exaggerated when in fact this is how people actually treat each other in real life. There are moments of compassion, of course, for not everyone is as harsh and as cruel. For example, Pelayo takes responsibility for the old man and offers him shelter. Stil l, these random acts of kindness are obscured by the cruelty of other people from pelting him with stones to branding him with a hot iron, which reduce him to a mere circus attraction. But even after all of this, the old man doesn’t do anything but be patient. We can conclude from this that it was the angel’s mission to help out the struggling family for it was his presence that allowed them to gain wealth and it was only until the end when their son has regained from illness and the world has gone quiet that he finally flew away and left. We can also see man’s nature to be ungrateful as evidenced by Elisenda’s attitude towards the old man even though he was the reason for their newfound wealth. There is also the indifference of man and inability to see what’s right in front of them. They have reduced the old man to a mere circus attraction when in fact it was only after his arrival that miracles (consolation or otherwise) have begun to happen. The story also tackles the issues of religion, suffering, exploitation, deliverance, and the search for meaning and purpose of existence. SymbolsShow MoreRelatedA Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: a Critical Analysis1828 Words   |  8 PagesA Very Old Man with Enormous Wings By Gabriel Garcia Marquez A Critical Analysis Callora, Hanna Krishna S. AB English 2 English 12 TTHS 4:00-5:25 Setting The story is set in a coastal area and it opens with an ongoing rainfall that has turned the world gloomy and gray. Everyone in this town was feeling sad because of the state of the beach and the stench of rotten fish. It was March and the rain had made the light weak during daytime and replaced the glimmer of the sands of theRead More Gabriel Garcia Marquezs A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesTrisha â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wingsquot;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Critical Analysis nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;If I ask you to picture an angel, what do you see? Is it a vibrant white, majestically dressed individual with lush and strong wings who commands reverence with his presence? What does this ethereal creature stand for? Righteousness? Protector of good and the purest form of a celestial being besides God? If you have read Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s â€Å"A Very Old Man with EnormousRead MoreA Very Old Man With Enormous Wings2731 Words   |  11 Pages Gabriel Garcia Marquez is a man of many talents. His greatest talent is that in all of his short stories, he uses this imagery that swallows the reader whole and spits them out into the very reality of his written words. This makes the reader forget to question reality, but to soak the reality up instead. The short stories I have chosen, show how human behavior is impacted through a person’s perception through which their reality is created. Our perceptions can make our fears seem so realRead More Vittorio de Sicas The Bicycle Thief Essay3286 Words   |  14 PagesVittorio de Sicas The Bicycle Thief Since the beginning of its existence as a country, Italy has faced enormous challenges in establishing itself as a unified political and social entity. The geographic, economic, and linguistic differences between its various regions and the artificial manner in which they were amalgamated created a legacy of internal divisions that continues to dominate the countrys political climate to this day. Italys numerous historical fiascoes, such as its disastrousRead More The Poetry of e.e. cummings Essay3340 Words   |  14 Pagesstimulating (Norman, p. 17). These attributes would eventually influence his young son. After his years at Harvard, Cummings became an ordained minister at the Unitarian South Congregational Society of Boston. Edward Cummings was a patient, accepting man. His daughter, Elizabeth Cummings Qualey, characterized her fathers personality with Sage people worried about children spoiling their lawns. My father liked to have us play in our yard, and used to say he was raising children and not grass. We couldRead MoreUnderstanding Conflict and Violence Essay example2908 Words   |  12 Pagesassociated with different paradigms of political science (Batros and Wehr 2002). Naturalistic paradigm explains the nature of politics, based on the dominant values of non-social factors that are innate and unchangeable in essence to the nature of man and society. One direction of the naturalistic paradigm - biopolitics - explains the existence of conflict in the political life of the presence and dominance in humans and the natural properties of instinctive aggressiveness, manifested in the struggleRead MoreAir Asia Strategic Analysis7334 Words   |  30 PagesSTRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF AIRASIA THE BEST LOW-COST CARRIER AIRLINES IN THE WORLD ASSIGNMENT FOR MICROECONOMICS FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA BY: IWAN BUDHIARTA P-46048 MALAYSIA – 2009 I. INTRODUCTION 1 A low-cost carrier (also known as a no-frills or discount carrier) is an airline that offers low fares but eliminates all â€Å"non-essential† services. The typical low-cost carrier business model is based on: – – – a single passenger class aRead MoreDoes Film Play An Important Role On The Way People Understand Religious Concepts?3925 Words   |  16 PagesAlong these lines, that being said, what are the colossal movies out there about the specifics of religious practice? The main motivation is to rundown applicable documentaries, of which there are numerous. Also scenes of shows like Big Love, West Wing, and Caprica unquestionably have a place in the religious studies range. There is more interest about movies that we leave with a more noteworthy feeling of why and how individuals hone the nuts of electrical discharges, which are discussed in theRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 Pagesinternational Socialism are as weak as straw in comparison with it. Hitler and Mussolini rose to power in their own countries very largely because they could grasp this fact and their opponents could not. 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In this effusion of comment the real A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings a Critical Analysis A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings By Gabriel Garcia Marquez A Critical Analysis Callora, Hanna Krishna S. AB English 2 English 12 TTHS 4:00-5:25 Setting The story is set in a coastal area and it opens with an ongoing rainfall that has turned the world gloomy and gray. Everyone in this town was feeling sad because of the state of the beach and the stench of rotten fish. It was March and the rain had made the light weak during daytime and replaced the glimmer of the sands of the beach with â€Å"a stew of mud and rotten shellfish.† At the beginning of the story, we learn that crabs have been crawling into the house of Pelayo and Elisenda that â€Å"on the third day of rain,† they had killed so many of them. After throwing them†¦show more content†¦This is also evident in the stories from the Bible wherein extraordinary things happen and there are no causal explanations provided other than the fact that they are miracles. This lack of concern in the law of nature is consistent throughout the whole story. In the case of the old man with wings, the narrator notes that his only supernatural quality is that of patien ce, which dismisses entirely the fact that he has wings and that he is most definitely an angel. This is also seen in the choice of words or the diction that the author uses to tell the story. For example, the narrator merely presents what he observes and instead of focusing on his extraordinary state, he instead draws our attention to the â€Å"consolation miracles† and the presence of â€Å"stellar parasites† and â€Å"lunar dust† on his wings. In this case, his heavenly qualities are dismissed but the ordinariness of parasites and dust are emphasized through the use of words such as â€Å"stellar† and â€Å"lunar†, which are used to describe heavenly bodies. Even the mentioning of the â€Å"consolation miracles† is done in a way that makes it seem as if these strange things happen everyday. There is indifference in the treatment for when we mention â€Å"miracle,† it always connote something magical has happened that we ought to be grateful for but in this case, the miracles are treated as merely â€Å"consolation† for they were not the miracles that these people have hoped for. Aside from indifference, the choice of words andShow MoreRelatedA Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: a Critical Analysis1815 Words   |  8 PagesA Very Old Man with Enormous Wings By Gabriel Garcia Marquez A Critical Analysis Callora, Hanna Krishna S. 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How does Confucianism and Daoism view women Free Essays

To begin with, Confucianism is a religion that is named after the philosopher, Confucius. He was an almost deified and impossibly wise man. He believed that to regain social order, people must act the role that society gave them. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Confucianism and Daoism view women? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The father was to act the father, the son was to act the son, etc. The process of becoming that of which one is supposed to be is called â€Å"Rectification of Names. † The society should be founded on five relationships: 1) The ruler and subject; 2) The father and son; 3) The husband and wife; 4) The elder and younger brother; 5) The friend and friend. This proper behavior was required to create a calm, enduring, and beneficial society. In terms of the third relationship, husband and wife, the concept of the Yang and Yin come into play. The Yang is the male, dominating, structures. The Yin is the female, calm, passive structures. This balance, if maintained, is supposed to keep everything in perfect accordance. This concept, in my opinion, is what gave women the submissive role in the Confucius society. Unlike the women in Daoism, under Confucian ideals women were to play their roles in society by being submissive to men and were limited in their participation in society, but were respected and necessary. Their lives were centered in the family as â€Å"inside members† which meant that they were to stay indoors and not associate with the â€Å"outside† more than necessary. Actually, in upper-class homes, inside chambers were built for the women while the men had their own chamber outside. Women were also supposed to remain under the dominion of men and follow the â€Å"three obedience†: Woman follows man, youth follows father or eldest brother, after marriage, wife follows husband, and if her husband dies, she is to follow her eldest son. As children, young girls were not apart of the ancestral line. After marriage they gained their husband’s line and became apart of a family making this the single most important event in a young girl’s life. However, many girls never made it to marriage because their mothers killed them after they were born. Giving birth to a baby girl was not at all joyous. For those that did make it, their objective was to become a wife. A wife was the lowest link in the social hierarchy and was there to serve the mother-in-law. Once married, both the husband and wife’s main focus was to take care of the husband’s parents. Women were expected to be completely devoted to their husbands and would often choose to commit suicide than violate their womanly virtues. Mothers with lost of sons were much higher up socially than those with fewer. Women who did not marry were not accepted in the Confucian society. Divorce was also not accepted and was allowed only under strict circumstances by the husband. These circumstances include incurable sickness, no male heir, talking too much, stealing, disobedience, promiscuity, and jealousy. The husband could have several concubines of which the wife was supposed to be kind and courteous to. On the same level, women could talk to other women about their husbands if they drank too much alcohol, neglected their duties as a husband, or became abusive. The other women would then tell their husbands who would act accordingly. This all seems rather harsh, but the fact that women are the only ones that could give life; they were respected and considered necessary. On the contrary, women in the Daoist society were treated a whole lot better. Daoism puts an emphasis on nature and the feminine qualities of nature. Seeing as how women create life and Daoism is† that which creativity flows from,† women hold the up most respect. As a matter of fact, Dao means â€Å"Great Mother. † Unlike in Confucianism, the role of women being passive and flexible comes natural and unforced. Because of this natural passiveness, women are naturally good Daoists; simply because of this â€Å"naturalness. † In the Daoist Society women are reared as especially receptive to divine inspiration which provides a spiritual outlet for them. Women are also allowed to participate in all levels of Daoism and were thought to be the only ones who could reach the highest levels of Dao lineage, all except that of the Divine Lord. However, this did not move women out of their subordinate roles nor did it raise their social status, and the sexual practices in Daoism for prolonged life may have led to the exploitation of women. Another tradition performed by the Chinese women in the Confucian society was foot-binding. Originally it was done as a kind of ballet toe dancing performed for royalty. It eventually worked its way down the entire social strata and became a tradition linked to marriage. It was performed on young girls from the ages of five to seven, as early as two and as late as thirteen. The foot was to be shaped into what looked like the Golden Lotus bud. The perfect shaped foot was three inches long looked like it naturally extended form the foot, not like the 90* angle normal feet make. The foot was bound to break the arch and toes. The toes were broken to curl under the foot. The big toe was left to look like the point of the bud. Girls were told to walk on pieces of sharp metal and broken glass to cut the bottom of the foot so that when it healed, the toes would fuse to the foot. Every so often the feet were unbound to clean and tighten. This was an extremely painful process that took more than two years to complete. The binding shoes were worn the rest of the girl’s life. Perfectly bound feet meant that the girl was marriageable, she was obedient, submissive, and could endure great amounts of pain. This also controlled her sexuality because it was hard for the girl to â€Å"get around. † The tiny feet also became an erotic fetish for some men. The girl’s shoes were sent to her mother-in-law-to-be for inspection. The Girls’ new mother would inspect for size, shape, and craftsmanship. Since the girl made the shoes herself, the explicit details gave a clue to what type of worker she was. This creativity was often the only creative outlet for the young girls. So to conclude, there are many differences in the ways women were dealt with in Confucianism and Daoism. In both religions, however, women were not very high up on the social scales, they were supposed to be the calm, passive and obedient counterpart of men, and were ultimately inferior beings. Foot binding became a Confucian tradition in marriage, while in Daoism, women held nearly the heights levels I the religion. I am just glad to say that I am a woman living in America today, and not in the classical Confucian society of China. How to cite How does Confucianism and Daoism view women?, Papers

The Killer Angels Essays - Gettysburg Campaign, Battle Of Gettysburg

The Killer Angels The Killer Angels Most people think of the Civil War as a military battle between the North and South. Without studying the subject, they do not appreciate the facts that make up this historical event. When one reads the novel, The Killer Angels, the reader will have a much better perception and understanding of what actually happened during the war. The Killer Angels, which is written by Michael Shaara, tells the epic story of the great battle of Gettysburg, which left 50,000 Confederate and Union soldiers dead, wounded, or missing. The tale is told from the alternating points of view from several of each side's significant participants. The book moves back and forth from the North and South perspective. Shaara portrays the terrible butchery of the three days' fighting through the vividly ren-dered thoughts and emotions of men such as General Robert E. Lee, Major General John Buford from the South and from the North, Brigadier General Lewis Armistead, and Colonel Joshua Chamberlain. This is a tremendously moving novel, guaranteed unforget-table. The book instills in one's mind what a battle fought during the Civil War was actu-ally like to be apart of for the soldiers. The setting for the book takes place in Pennsylvania, where the Battle of Gettys-burg is fought. The author provides many detailed maps of both army's positions. Throughout the book, the reader is shown the pain, difficulty, anguish, and other dilemmas the armies face leading up to the final confrontation. In the beginning of the book we learn about the North from a spy for the South. His job was to scout the North's position as well count the number of troops. He reports to General Robert E. Lee and recalls what he saw. The spy's information proved useful to the Confederates' at the beginning of the Battle of Gettysburg. The fight at Gettysburg is a series of battles. At first the South gains ground but eventually the North secures the better field position and crushes the Southern forces. The author makes it clear that it is General Robert E. Lee's poor judgment and de-cisions that causes the South to lose the Battle of Gettysburg. Lee even credits himself for the South's failure, as quoted in the book, "No blame can be attached to the army for its failure to accomplish what was projected by me. . . . I alone am to blame, in perhaps ex-pecting too much of its prowess and valor . . . could I have foreseen that the attack on the last day would fail, I should certainly have tried some other course . . . but I do not know what better course I could have pursued" [The Killer Angels, Ballantine Books, page 349.] General Lee wanted to attack the Union troops at Gettysburg, even though the North had the better ground, more supplies, and thousands of more troops. Lee's mind was already set and he did not want to change it. Overall, Lee was a good general, but during this particular battle, he did not make the best of decisions, which in the opinion of the author led to the Confederate troops losing the war. In conclusion, I recommend The Killer Angels to anyone who is curious or inter-ested about finding out what the Civil War was like. The book provides an accurate and detailed description of the war. On the cover of the book, General H. Norman Schwarzkopf is quoted as saying that the book is "The best and most realistic historical novel about war I have ever read."

Industrial revolution - England vs USSR essays

Industrial revolution - England vs USSR essays Ideological differences between Liberalism in England and Leninism in the Soviet Union place the two nations at opposite ends of the political spectrum. The former advocates for the importance of individualism and the ability of the market to regulate itself, whereas the latter prioritizes the state above its citizens, and relies on the omnipotence of the party to command the economy. In this paper, we will first examine a prominent similarity between England and the Soviet Union the sufferings of the people in the lower classes. Then we will shift the focus to the differences in the two countries, and the ideologies behind their distinguishing paths of development. Specifically, we will analyze their respective forms of governmental control, economic structure, and the results of the regimes tactics. These points may seem unrelated, however the uniting theme behind these dissimilarities is the basic ideological difference underlying the two nations political and economic syst ems. This ideological difference dictates whose in power, how the economy matures, and consequently where the country ends up years later. In England, liberalism puts the large middle class in control. This group of liberal entrepreneurs utilize their economic power to gain political influence. In contrast, Leninism concentrates the political distribution of power in the Soviet Union around the communist party, and at times one man Stalin. Before we delve into the distinctions though, lets first look at one outstanding similarity: the extensive oppression that both regimes subjects experience. Long after the communist party came to power in the Soviet Union, the nation remained relatively backward in terms of industrialization. 85 percent of the Russian population was comprised of peasants dispersed in the country side. In retrospect there were no proletariats that nurtured the rise of communism in Russia,...

Battle of Naseby - English Civil War

Battle of Naseby - English Civil War Battle of Naseby - Conflict Date The Battle of Naseby was a key engagement of the English Civil War (1642-1651) and was fought June 14, 1645. Armies Commanders Parliamentarians Sir Thomas FairfaxOliver Cromwell13,500 men Royalists King Charles IPrince Rupert of the Rhine8,000 men Battle of Naseby: Overview In the spring of 1645, with the English Civil War raging, Sir Thomas Fairfax led the recently formed New Model Army west from Windsor to relieve the besieged garrison of Taunton. As his Parliamentarian forces marched, King Charles I moved from his wartime capital at Oxford to Stow-on-the-Wold to meet with his commanders. While they were initially divided on what course to take, it was ultimately decided for Lord Goring to hold the West Country and maintain the siege of Taunton while the king and Prince Rupert of the Rhine moved north with the main army to recover the northern parts of England. As Charles moved towards Chester, Fairfax received ordered from the Committee of Both Kingdoms to turn and advance on Oxford. Unwilling to abandon the garrison at Taunton, Fairfax dispatched five regiments under Colonel Ralph Welden to the town before marching north. Learning that Fairfax was targeting Oxford, Charles was initially pleased as he believed that if the Parliamentarian troops were busy laying siege to the city they would be unable to interfere with his operations in the north. This pleasure quickly turned to concern when he learned that Oxford was short on provisions. Arriving at Oxford on May 22, Fairfax began operations against the city. With his capital under threat, Charles abandoned his original plans, moved south, and attacked Leicester on May 31 in the hope of luring Fairfax north from Oxford. Breaching the walls, Royalist troops stormed and sacked the city. Concerned by the loss of Leicester, Parliament ordered Fairfax to abandon Oxford and seek battle with Charles army. Advancing through Newport Pagnell, the lead elements of the New Model Army clashed with Royalist outposts near Daventry on June 12, alerting Charles to Fairfaxs approach. Unable to receive reinforcements from Goring, Charles and Prince Rupert decided to fall back towards Newark. As the Royalist army moved towards Market Harborough, Fairfax was reinforced by the arrival of Lieutenant General Oliver Cromwells cavalry brigade. That evening, Colonel Henry Ireton led a successful raid against Royalist troops in nearby Naseby village which resulted in the capture several prisoners. Concerned that they would be unable to retreat, Charles called a council of war and the decision was made to turn and fight. Maneuvering through the early hours of June 14, the two armies formed up on two low ridges near Naseby separated by a low plain known as Broad Moor. Fairfax placed his infantry, led by Sergeant Major General Sir Philip Skippon in the center, with cavalry on each flank. While Cromwell commanded the right wing, Ireton, promoted to Commissary General that morning, led the left. Opposite, the Royalist army lined up in similar fashion. Though Charles was on the field, actual command was exercised by Prince Rupert. The center was comprised of Lord Astleys infantry, while Sir Marmaduke Langdales veteran Northern Horse was placed on the Royalist left. On the right, Prince Rupert and his brother Maurice personally led a body of 2,000-3,000 cavalry. King Charles remained in the rear with a cavalry reserve as well as his and Ruperts infantry regiments. The battlefield was bounded on the west by a thick hedgerow known as the Sulby Hedges. While both armies had their lines anchored on the hedges, the Parliamentarian line extended further east than the Royalist line. Around 10:00 AM, the Royalist center began to advance with Ruperts cavalry following suit. Seeing an opportunity, Cromwell dispatched dragoons under Colonel John Okey into the Sulby Hedges to fire on Ruperts flank. In the center, Skippon moved his men over the crest of the ridge to meet Astleys assault. Following an exchange of musket fire, the two bodies clashed in hand-to-hand fighting. Due to a dip in the ridge, the Royalist attack was funneled into a narrow front and hit Skippons lines hard. In the fighting, Skippon was wounded and his men slowly pushed back. To the left, Rupert was forced to accelerate his advance due to fire from Okeys men. Pausing to dress his lines, Ruperts cavalry surged forward and struck Iretons horsemen. Initially repulsing the Royalist attack, Ireton led part of his command to the aid of Skippons infantry. Beaten back, he was unhorsed, wounded, and captured. As this was occurring, Rupert led forward a second line of cavalry and shattered Iretons lines. Surging forward, the Royalists pressed into Fairfaxs rear and attacked his baggage train rather than rejoining the main battle. On the other side of the field, both Cromwell and Langdale remained in position, neither willing to make the first move. As the battle raged, Langdale finally advanced after about thirty minutes. Already outnumbered and outflanked, Langdales men were forced to attack uphill over rough terrain. Committing around half his men, Cromwell easily defeated Langdales assault. Sending a small force to pursue Langdales retreating men, Cromwell wheeled the remainder of his wing to the left and attacked into the flank of the Royalist infantry. Along the hedges, Okeys men remounted, joined with the remnants of Iretons wing, and attacked Astleys men from the west. Their advance already halted by Fairfaxs superior numbers, the Royalist infantry now found itself under attack on three sides. While some surrendered, the remainder fled back across Broad Moor to Dust Hill. There their retreat was covered by Prince Ruperts personal infantry, the Bluecoats. Repulsing two attacks, the Bluecoats were ultimately overwhelmed by advancing Parliamentarian forces. In the rear, Rupert rallied his horsemen and returned to the field, but was too late to make any impact as Charles army was in retreat with Fairfax in pursuit. Battle of Naseby: the Aftermath The Battle of Naseby cost Fairfax around 400 killed and wounded, while the Royalists suffered approximately 1,000 casualties and 5,000 captured. In the wake of the defeat, Charles correspondence, which showed he was actively soliciting aid from Catholics in Ireland and on the Continent, was captured by Parliamentarian forces. Published by Parliament, it badly damaged his reputation and boosted support for the war. A turning point in the conflict, Charles fortunes suffered after Naseby and he surrendered the following year. Selected Sources British Civil Wars: The Storming of Leicester and the Battle of NasebyHistory of War: Battle of Naseby

Constitutional & Administrative Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Constitutional & Administrative Law - Essay Example Political scientists refer to this law as "Organic", due to the fact that it has been "evolving" over time from its medieval origins. It has been observed that, this flexibility makes it responsive to political and social change, especially through political principles expressed in conventions. Until recently there was no modern statute or document that attempted to codify the rights of citizens in the UK, despite the fact that there is the tradition of freedom of speech and other rights in the UK, common law precedents being the main source of "rights". Common law has been remedied in recent years, with the incorporation of some important written sources, such as European Union law and the European Convention on Human Rights. These laws has formally granted the citizens of UK with rights that were previously lacking in the legal system. These sources are enacted in the European Communities Act 1972 and Human Rights Act 1998, respectively. Different opinions has come up from people on different walks of life on these changes. Some argue that these developments, and the Labour government's reforms from 1997, have improved the constitution, despite the lack of a central, written, entrenched constitutional document. Labour's reform programme has conducted many reforms, including the Human Rights Act, devolution to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, partial reform of the House of Lords and a Freedom of Information Act. Parliamentary Sovereignty, is often called as a particularly elusive concept, is the paramount Principle in the United Kingdom's unwritten constitution and Dicey's (Dicey, AV, An Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution) legal theory holds that, "Parliament has the right to make or unmake any law whatever"; and that "no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament." Sir William Wade (Wade HWR, "The Basis of Legal Sovereignty") takes the definition further by stating that: "there is one and only one, limit to Parliament's legal power: it cannot detract from its own continuing sovereignty." (Jennings, I, (1959), The Law and the Constitution, 5thedn, chapter 4) In the recent times, the political supremacy of Parliament in UK has been affected by membership of international organisations such as NATO and the IMF, the legal sovereignty, in that Parliament alone makes the law, has notionally, remained absolute. The introduction of the European Communities Act 1972 (ECA 1972) and the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA 1998) into our domestic law, has to a large extent raised questions about the consequences on that 'absolute' legal sovereignty. Here let us consider the constitutional implications of both these Acts and analyse their impact on the principle of Parliamentary Sovereignty. With the inclusion of UK in the European Community, by virtue of the Treaty of Accession in 1972, it so happened that, Parliament recognised that as a condition of membership, thereby, it had necessarily limited its own sovereign authority by effectively 'pooling sovereignty' with the other Member states.( Costa v ENEL and Amministrazione delle Finanze dello

Ameresco Inc. (AMRC) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ameresco Inc. (AMRC) - Coursework Example as a company operates and the industry as a whole. Most notable threats are financial capacity of the company, rising cost of raw material and the global economy and high cost of investment and research. These are the threats that are currently present in both Ameresco Inc.and the industry they operate as a whole. These have possessed economic constraints to the firm and lowered profitability. However, there are opportunities too as the industry is experiencing reduced labor cost. In addition, there has been increased internal monetary assistance in the company and opportunities for venture capital. A significant portion of their total revenues is generated by our Canadian subsidiary, Ameresco Canada. Finally under economic threats, it is evident that future changes in exchange rate significantly between the Canadian dollar and the U.S. dollar could so much affect the company’s operating results as major revenues are dependent on the northern America. The industry Ameresco Inc. operate is dynamic and competitive. The level of technology hence becomes a threat as new advancements in technology are required for better service delivery. As a company, Ameresco Inc. operates in a dynamic industry that is involved in designing, developing, and engineering and times installation of projects that minimizes energy, operations and maintenance costs to clients they serve and these are areas of concern should technology fail in future. The company also outsources various energy installation projects due to incapability to handle the specialized technological aspects and these is a threat. Politically, different regulations affect the conduct of not only Ameresco Inc. business, but also the industry they operate in. State and federal legislation and regulations allow them to enter into Energy Saving Performance Contract (ESPCs) with government agencies in America. However, the challenge becomes the

Why Firms become Multinational Enterprises

Why Firms become Multinational Enterprises Introduction One of the important aspects of globalization is the international transformation of the companies around the world. The companies have evolved from being a domestic firm to a multinational corporation and being present almost everywhere in the world either physically or via internet. These international companies are regarded as true MNCs only if they have made substantial direct investment in foreign countries and have actively and continuously taken part in the management of these assets (Barlett, Ghoshal, p2). Though the companies had started the internationalization process as early as in the seventeenth and the eighteenth century when the developed nations moved towards the under developed ones for acquiring key resources and in search for markets, but the latter part of the twentieth century and the beginning of twenty-first century witnessed a huge expansion in the extent to which the firms go international  (Barlett, ghoshal, p1). The internationalization process has trans formed greatly due to the evolution of the motives and the way firms integrate and expand their businesses around the world. There are both proactive and reactive motivations for a firm to go international. Proactive motivations are evident in firms that see a need for a strategic change and want to go international; whereas reactive firms are those that go international because they have to in order to deal with the competition from the domestic firms growing internationally as well as the foreign players entering the domestic market. (Czinkota, The Export Marketing Imperative, 2004, pg 4). This essay discusses these motives for firms to become MNEs and how they go about it. Why firms become Multinational Enterprises In the increasingly global business environment, many companies cannot afford to be under the assumption that their domestic markets will always be profitable. For this reason, many companies start with selling their existing products to the countries which have more number of consumers (e.g. China and India) or where consumers have more purchasing power (e.g., USA) (Rennie, Michael W, 193). This arises from the primary profit-seeking motive of the companies but also helps them to increase their brand identity and global presence (Czinkota, p4). These companies then customize their product line according to the country in which they are selling in order to expand their customer base and tackle the competition from the domestic players. So increased sales are a major motive for a companys expansion, and in fact, many of the worlds largest companies including Volkswagen (Germany), Ericsson (Sweden), IBM (United States), Michelin (France), Nestle (Switzerland), and Sony (Japan) derive more than half their sales from outside their home countries (UN Conference: Promoting Linkages, 2001). Another motive, which arose from the firms going international, was seeking cost effective resources to propel production for local and foreign markets. As the firms expanded geographically, they needed to attain competitive advantage over other foreign as well as the domestic companies. This drove them to invest abroad in countries where resources needed for production were available at low cost (Cosmin Sabau). In the earlier days, these resources included mainly the natural resources like rubber, steel, aluminum, etc., for example, crude oil was sourced from gulf countries to meet the shortfall in the domestic supply of crude oil. Today, it includes low cost land, labor and capital as well. This helped in lowering their cost of production and offering competitive prices to the customer. Sports good companies like Rawlings rely largely on labor in Costa Rica, a country that hardly plays baseball, to produce baseballs (Philip Hersh, 2009). The motivations to expand internationally however changed gradually in response to the great organizational and technological forces (Barlett, ghoshal, p6). One of the major contemporary motives is achieving economies of scale. It was first noted by manufacturers in the military aircraft industry in the 1920s and 1930s that direct labor costs decreased by a constant percentage as the cumulative number of aircraft produced doubled. By increasing the cumulative output and exporting to a larger market, the companies can bring down their cost of production by 20-30 percent (Ghemawat). Many companies establish foreign research and development (RD) facilities to tap additional scientific resources, sometimes acquiring useful knowledge in the process (Heather Berry, 2006, p 151-168). Avon, for instance, applies know-how from its Latin American marketing experience to help sell to the US Hispanic market (Nery Ynclan, July 23, 2002:EI). Yet another motive for companies going international was shortening PLCs (Barlett, ghoshal, p6). As the life of a product became shorter, adequate returns for all the research and development done for the product could be made only by introducing the product to multiple larger markets. In addition companies nowadays aim to launch the product simultaneously in as many markets as possible to enjoy the maximum returns before more firms start producing substitutes. How firms become Multinational Enterprises Internationalization is a very crucial and strategic decision that a company takes in its lifetime. Certain prerequisites need to be met before a firm can think of nationalizing and becoming an MNC. The first one is high country attractiveness. The country should be able to offer something that will promise a competitive advantage for the company or something that can help the company sustain its existing competitive advantage. Another prerequisite is the ownership of strategic competencies. The company should have some competencies that will help it counter balance the incognizance of foreign markets and environmental conditions. Also, the company should have some organizational capabilities that will increase the ROI by leveraging the companys strategic strengths intensively. These three prerequisites are essential for selecting the mode of internationalization and the mode of country entry that will help the company compete in world business. (Barlett, Ghoshal) There are many methods adopted by companies to internationalize and conquer foreign markets. The earliest method used by firms in their process of becoming MNEs was exports and imports. This may include both merchandise exports and imports and service exports and imports. Service exports and imports may be tourism and transportation, service performance and asset use. Some services earn payment for the companies for the performance of those services. For example, the companies may pay fees for turnkey projects which are transferred to the owner once they are operational. Management contracts also earn the companies fees for the performance of general and specialized management functions for another. Asset use includes Licensing, Franchising, etc. Licensing is the process of allowing another company to use its intangible assets like patents, trademarks, copyrights, or expertise, under contracts known as licensing agreements for which they earn royalties. Example. Franchising is the pr ocess of business in which a company permits another company to use the trademark as an asset of the franchisees business. The franchisor will help the franchisee by supplying raw materials, management services etc. and also will lay down guidelines and standards that are to be followed by the franchisee. For example, McDonalds has franchised its outlets in many countries like UK, India, etc. In many circumstances, a multinational with an exclusive technology may fear that a licensing contract lead to dissipation of its proprietary knowledge. In that case, setting up a foreign subsidiary is a preferable strategy. (http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/CP167.pdf) Another method of expanding globally is by making investments on the foreign countries. Foreign investment implies ownership of foreign property in exchange for a financial return. There are two forms of foreign investment: direct and portfolio. The foreign direct investments (FDIs) confer the investor with a controlling stake in the company. For example, when Nintendos CEP bought the Seattle Mariners, the baseball team became a Japanese FDI in the US. Although the control in the foreign company need not be full; even with a minority stake and the remaining ownership widely dispersed, the foreign investor can take decisions that cannot be vetoed by any other owner. When the ownership of the company is taken by more than one company, it is called as a joint venture. Today, at least 61,000 companies worldwide control over 900,000 FDIs in every industry (UN Conference: FDI from Developing and Transition Economies, 2006, p 30-31). On the other hand, the foreign portfolio investment is a non controlling interest in a company or ownership of a loan made to another party. This can be in the form of stocks in a company or loans to a company in the forms of bonds, bills, or notes purchased by the investor. They are comparatively safer than FDIs in terms of risk. Conclusion The changing extent, character and geography of MNE activity over the past two decades is itself a reflection of a series of path-breaking technological, economic and political events. But internationalization is not a one size fits all approach have different motives to go global and do it in the way that best suits their business models and gives them maximum returns. Whichever method a company adopts, it goes through a learning process and increases its knowledge throughout the process. Internationalization has indeed become the need of the hour for companies to sustain their businesses in the long run and develop companys strategic and organizational capabilities.

Communication and Hr

4DEP (HR) Developing Yourself as an Effective Human Resources Practitioner By Susanne Collier 7th November 2011 Activity 1 Today Human Resources (HR) is at the centre of business performance. HR professionals have an important role to play in driving decisions that enable their organisations to thrive in both the short and the longer term. Where in the past the function delivered the fundamentals that underpinned the employee lifecycle (such as recruitment, induction and salary administration) supporting organisation performance is now the theme running through HR’s work. The CIPD have introduced the HR Profession Map which sets out what HR practitioners need to know, do and deliver at all stages in their career. The Map is structured around ten professional areas of HR activity and it focuses on the knowledge, activities and behaviours required in the profession today. The first two professional areas, Strategy, insights and solutions (uses deep understanding of the business – activities, strategies and plans and underlying drivers of and barriers to sustainable performance, and needs of customers and employees – and unique insights to drive business performance through the creation and delivery of HR strategy and solutions) and Leading and managing the HR function (leads and manages a fit for purpose HR function, with a strong track record of operational excellence and a deep understanding of the organisation requirements. Ensures that the function has the right capability, capacity, and organisation design, and that HR employees are fully engaged, work collaboratively and possess a deep understanding of organisation and the drivers that create value). These are central to understanding the organisation and delivering an HR function that delivers success. There are eight behaviours shown on the HR Map that identify in detail how professionals need to carry out their activities and make a contribution to organisational success. Please see Appendix 1 for description of the eight behaviours. The behaviours have been clustered into the following groups: Each professional area and behaviour is described at four bands of professional competence, the bands range from those entering the profession at band one, to those that are leading it, at band four. I currently work as an Office Manager for Miller Heiman Inc at their EMEA headquarters in Milton Keynes. As part of my remit I have to ensure that the delivery of Human Resources (HR) service and information to leaders, managers and staff within the organisation is accurate, efficient, timely and cost-effective and that HR data is managed professionally as I am the first point of contact for all HR-related queries. I have therefore chosen to look at the Service Delivery and Information professional area at Band One, as I believe this is most relevant to my current role. There are eight activities, eleven skills and three behaviours that apply to band one within this professional area, please see Appendix 2. Within my role the behaviours detailed with the respective activity and knowledge are Collaborative, Driven to Deliver, Personally Credible, Curious, Role Model and Courage to Challenge. Collaborative Build appropriate professional, friendly and accessible relationships with employees, line managers, directors and network of suppliers. Driven to Deliver * Assist in the recruitment process – i. e. liaise with recruitment agencies, set up interviews and issue relevant correspondence. * Administer HR-related documentation, such as offer letters, contracts of employment, leavers' and pensions information. * Provide relevant documentation as requested for example employee handbooks, latest policy updates, sickness forms. * Provide data for and prepare management nformation reports, mainly around absence management. * Ensure the relevant HR databases are up to date, accurate and comply with relevant legislation. * Administer Childcare Voucher Scheme, liaising with employees and external providers. Personally Credible * Provide support and advice to employees and line managers, explaining policies and procedures in a timely and effective manner, including maternity, paternity, adoption, parental leave and health ; safety processes and queries regarding benefit and pay issues. * Assist in the development of HR procedures and policies. Take responsibility for own work. * Communicate well both in writing and verbally. * Use own initiative. * Have the ability to work accurately with attention to detail. Curious * Take part in teams meetings, events and training as required. * Have the flexibility and willingness to learn. * Constantly review suppliers for a cost/quality/se rvice comparison. * Good understanding of HR policies and procedures, health ; safety and basic understanding of employment legislation. * Attend Employment Law updates on a regular basis to keep abreast of changes in legislation. Role Model * Be resilient and able to work in an organisation that is undergoing change due to development and growth. * Use tact and diplomacy, being sensitive and respectful to others. * Contribute to the development and implementation of the overall ethos/work/aims of Miller Heiman. * Appreciate and understand the need of confidentiality in dealing with all HR and training issues. * Work in accordance with current policies and procedures. * Appreciate that projects need to be completed, methodical approach with an ability to work under pressure. Courage to Challenge Feedback and look at any changes that are needed in our current practices and implement. * Constantly review personal development plan in line with organisational objectives. Activity 2 HR Customers The HR department has many internal and external customers to serve, including employees, their managers, directors and legal and regulatory agencies. The needs of which may sometimes be in conflict. Below are the main cust omers I have to deal within my role on a daily basis and an example of a few of their needs: Directors| Line Managers| Staff/Peers| Latest Legislations UpdatesManagement Reporting| Appraisal DocumentationPolicy DocumentationHealth ; Safety issues| Payroll QueriesBenefit Entitlement QueriesSickness Forms| A need conflict may arise if for example a director has requested an absence report analysis for a disciplinary meeting be produced for the following day but unexpectedly a line manager has advised you of a potentially serious health and safety issue. Both needs are important to the person requesting them, and I would therefore look at the needs individually to assess their priority and risk to the business if they were not dealt with as a matter of urgency. The absence report could be to assist the director with looking into an individuals time keeping as part of a disciplinary, which is important as this could affect the way forward with the hearing, but the health and safety issue could be a greater risk to the business and/or individual at that precise moment in time so a risk assessment would need to be carried out immediately and then a decision could be made whether action was needed immediately and would therefore then take priority over the absence report. Communication Methods Communication Method| Advantages| Disadvantages| Electronic (Email)| * Quick * Log receipt * Complete * Can send large documentation * Cost advantages| * Eliminate Equal Opportunities due to lack of access * No tone * No relationship * Could be misconstrued | Written (Printed Material)| * Meets legal requirements * Clear audit trail * Provides reference * More in depth detail| * Lack of face to face contact * Unsecure * Slow * Expensive| Verbal(Telephone/Face to Face)| * Checking of understanding * Personal * Immediate| * Trepidation * Language * Lengthy * Lack of control * Cost of calls| Effective communication as explained by Albert Mehrabian in his communication model found that spoken words account for only 7% of what a listener perceives, the remaining 93% of what a listener comprehends originates from the speaker’s body language and tone employed in the delivery of the words. Building and Maintaining Effective Service Building Relationships – It is important to develop a positive attitude, be less judgmental and more accepting of others. Gather Improve Your Communication Skills,  listen carefully and focus on the speaker's message. This will allow you to respond appropriately and avoid misunderstandings. Resolve conflicts early. Treat ALL colleagues with respect and always be courteous and professional. Be open and honest about your feelings and allow others to do the same. Understand and accept personal or cultural differences. Dealing with Difficult Customers and Resolving their Complaints – Listen to the customer and thank them for bringing the problem to your attention. Sincerely convey to the customer your apology for the way the situation has made them feel, but avoiding blame and determine what the customer is seeking as a solution. Once this is established seek to agree on the solution and take quick action to resolve and follow up to ensure the customer is completely satisfied. Meeting time and Budget Constraints – Set goal and deadline expectations at the outset. Prioritise workload and delegate if there is an opportunity too if time is restricted. Research and compare costings to ensure the best value is gained without compromising quality. Must ensure the regular updates are provided. Continuous Improvement – To ensure high levels of customer satisfaction, it is important for HR to continually measure and monitor the needs of its various customers, determine how well it is meeting those needs and identify any areas that represent gaps, this could be done in the form of an annual employee survey, issuing feedback forms for completion or requesting short feedback via email as well as looking at your PDP plan at your annual review and at regular intervals throughout the year. BIBLIOGRAPHY CIPD HR Profession Map http://www. cipd. co. uk/cipd-hr-profession/hr-profession-map/explore-map. aspx (28 Oct 2011) Albert Mehrabian Communication Model http://www. vestedoutsourcing. com/the-psychology-of-outsourcing-part-4-albert-mehrabian-and-comminication/ (31 October 2011) APPENDIX Appendix 18 Behaviours Description Appendix 2Service & Delivery and Information Professional Area Description

Essay on Iago as Expert Manipulator in Shakespeares Othello

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Lewis CarrollS Novel “Alice’S Adventures In Wonderland”

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